Quickstart Guide

Quick install

A quick guide to getting a basic installation of Cyrus up and running in 5 minutes.

The first place to start with a new installation of Cyrus IMAP is with your OS distribution of choice and their packaging, where available.

If there is no Cyrus IMAP 3.10.0 package available yet from your distro, download the official source tarball from GitHub. The Compiling guide will help you get it built and installed.

1. Install Cyrus package(s)

Install the Cyrus IMAP package(s), either from your distribution’s package manager, or from a release tarball.

Your distribution might have split Cyrus IMAP into several packages. Check their documentation if you’re not sure what you need.

2. Setup the cyrus:mail user and group

Now let’s create a special user account just for the Cyrus server to sandbox Cyrus: called cyrus. We’ll also create a mail group as well. This allows Cyrus to give other programs some permissions if they are run under the mail group, again, without causing a Cyrus bug to delete all of your cat pictures. Disaster!

If you have installed from packages, your package vendor may have already done this for you. To check, use these commands:

$ getent group mail
mail:x:8:

$ getent passwd cyrus
cyrus:x:999:8:Cyrus IMAP Server:/var/lib/imap:/bin/bash

Example group and user creation commands for GNU/Linux:

groupadd -fr mail
useradd -c "Cyrus IMAP Server" -d /var/lib/imap -g mail -s /bin/bash -r cyrus

The var/lib/imap directory above is an example. Use the same directory specified in the configdirectory option in imapd.conf(5).

configdirectory

This shows the default value: change it in imapd.conf to suit your needs.

configdirectory: <none>

The pathname of the IMAP configuration directory. This field is required.

If your installation uses system locations for things like SSL certificates (i.e. /etc/ssl/certs /etc/ssl/private), then you should also add the cyrus user to the appropriate group to gain access to the PKI files. On Debian/Ubuntu systems, for example, this group is ssl-cert:

usermod -aG ssl-cert cyrus

3. Setting up authentication with SASL

Now, let’s set up SASL. This will allow you to connect to your local IMAP server and login, just like any IMAP user would before checking for new emails.

Create a saslauth group and add the cyrus user to the group, so Cyrus can access SASL. (on Debian, this group is called ‘sasl’: adjust the following commands to suit.)

groupadd -fr saslauth
usermod -aG saslauth cyrus
Change the default SASL configuration in /etc/default/saslauthd.

  1. Make sure that the START option is set to yes (START=yes) and

  2. Set the``MECHANISMS`` option to sasldb (MECHANISMS="sasldb").

Start the SASL auth daemon:

/etc/init.d/saslauthd start

Now, we’ll create the IMAP user inside SASL. This is the user you’ll use to login to the IMAP server later on.

echo 'secret' | saslpasswd2 -p -c imapuser

You can replace secret with a more suitable password you want and imapuser with the username you want. Once this is done, check that the user exists and is set up correctly:

testsaslauthd -u imapuser -p secret

You should get an 0: OK "Success." message.

4. Setup mail delivery from your MTA

Your Cyrus IMAP server will want to receive the emails accepted by your SMTP server (ie Sendmail, Postfix, etc). In Cyrus, this happens via a protocol called LMTP, which is usually supported by your SMTP server.

Install Sendmail

We’ll set up LMTP with the Sendmail SMTP server.

sudo apt-get install -y sendmail

We need to make Sendmail aware of the fact we are using the Cyrus IMAP server: modify the /etc/mail/sendmail.mc file. Add this line before the MAILER_DEFINITIONS section:

define(`confLOCAL_MAILER', `cyrusv2')dnl

And right below MAILER_DEFINITIONS, add this:

MAILER(`cyrusv2')dnl

This enables the cyrusv2 mailer for local mail delivery. This is a sendmail property that tells sendmail it’s talking to Cyrus. (Cyrus 3.x works with this property, despite the naming confusion.)

Next, we run a script that takes the /etc/mail/sendmail.mc file and and prepares it for use by Sendmail. This may take some time.

sudo sendmailconfig

Sendmail communication

One last thing we need to do for LMTP to work with Sendmail is to create a folder that will contain the UNIX socket used by Sendmail and Cyrus to deliver/receive emails:

sudo mkdir -p /var/run/cyrus/socket
sudo chown cyrus:mail /var/run/cyrus/socket
sudo chmod 750 /var/run/cyrus/socket

Install Postfix

We’ll set up LMTP with the Postfix SMTP server (consider which other Postfix related packages you may also desire):

sudo apt-get install -y postfix postfix-doc postfix-pcre postfix-ldap ...

We need to make Postfix aware of the fact we are using the Cyrus IMAP server and engineer delivery via LMTP. The following examples show the postconf commands to run to add the necessary configuration to /etc/postfix/main.cf, these are not complete configurations.

Note

Postfix supports a great many configurations for mail delivery transport, so these settings will depend on whether you’re planning to use the local, virtual or lmtp destination definitions. For our examples we’ll be using virtual. Adjust as needed for your purposes, and please consult the Postfix documentation at http://www.postfix.org/postconf.5.html

  1. Setup your recipient maps, thus defining for which recipients the virtual destination will be used:

    postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_domains=hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_recipient_domains"
postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_maps=hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_recipients"

    or, if you have enabled smmapd you can automatically track mailboxes with:

    postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_domains=hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_recipient_domains"
postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_maps=socketmap:unix:/run/cyrus/socket/smmap"

  2. Optional: Set the concurrency and recipient limits for LMTP delivery to the virtual destination:

    postconf -e "virtual_destination_concurrency_limit=300"
postconf -e "virtual_destination_recipient_limit=300"

    The purpose of those two settings is to allow for a large number of simultaneous delivery threads between the MTA (Postfix) and the MDA (Cyrus), and to allow for a large number of recipients to be listed for any given message, thus avoiding splitting up delivery of messages with lots of recipients into many separate deliveries.

  3. Send mail for those recipients to Cyrus via LMTP. This first example is for delivery via TCP to a different host:

    postconf -e "virtual_transport=lmtp:inet:lmtp.example.org:2003"

    If your Postfix and Cyrus are on the same host, then use some version of this, where the socket patch matches what’s set in the lmtpsocket option in imapd.conf(5):

    postconf -e "virtual_transport=lmtp:unix:/run/cyrus/socket/lmtp"

5. Protocol ports

The Cyrus IMAP server provides service interfaces via either TCP/IP ports or Unix domain sockets. For the former, Cyrus requires that there are proper entries in the host’s /etc/services file. The following are required for any host using the listed services:

pop3      110/tcp  # Post Office Protocol v3
nntp      119/tcp  # Network News Transport Protocol
imap      143/tcp  # Internet Mail Access Protocol rev4
imsp      406/tcp  # Internet Message Support Protocol (deprecated)
nntps     563/tcp  # NNTP over TLS
imaps     993/tcp  # IMAP over TLS
pop3s     995/tcp  # POP3 over TLS
kpop      1109/tcp # Kerberized Post Office Protocol
lmtp      2003/tcp # Lightweight Mail Transport Protocol service
smmap     2004/tcp # Cyrus smmapd (quota check) service
csync     2005/tcp # Cyrus replication service
mupdate   3905/tcp # Cyrus mupdate service
sieve     4190/tcp # timsieved Sieve Mail Filtering Language service

Make sure that these lines are present or add them if they are missing.

6. Configuring Cyrus

(Nearly there)

Set up a simple directory structure for Cyrus to store emails, owned by the cyrus user and group mail:

sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/cyrus /var/spool/cyrus
sudo chown -R cyrus:mail /var/lib/cyrus /var/spool/cyrus
sudo chmod 750 /var/lib/cyrus /var/spool/cyrus

The /var/spool/cyrus directory is the partition where Cyrus will store mail and must be allocated sufficient storage. The exact location can be configured in imapd.conf(5) in the partitions options.

Following installation, a fairly comprehensive set of sample configuration files may be found in /usr/share/doc/cyrus-doc/examples/. Select one from each of the cyrus_conf and imapd_conf directories, and install as /etc/cyrus.conf and /etc/imapd.conf respectively.

A basic description of these files:

  • Stand-alone server configurations (pick one):

    • small.conf

      A simple small server

    • normal.conf

      A more typical server

    • prefork.conf

      As above, but with several server processes pre-forked for faster connection initialization.

    Note

    The normal.conf file in the imapd_conf directory is intended to work with any of the above files from the cyrus_conf directory.

  • Cyrus Aggregation - Murder – configurations (these constitute a set, with at least one of each required):

    • murder-mupdate.conf

      The Mupdate Master server; holds the canonical copy of the mailboxes.db database.

    • murder-backend.conf

      A backend server which holds the actual mailboxes and interacts with frontend proxies and/or clients.

    • murder-frontend.conf

      A frontend server which holds no mailboxes, but either refers clients to the proper backend server for each requests, or proxies those requests directly.

  • Replication configurations (these constitute a set, with one master and at least one replica required):

    • normal-master.conf

      The master server which uses the sync_client program to send mailbox updates to each replica on a rolling or periodic basis.

    • normal-replica.conf

      A typical replica server, which accepts updates from the master.

    Note

    When working with replication or aggregation (Murder), the example files in cyrus_conf and imapd_conf of the same name are intended to be used together.

You should review each of these and then install as desired to /etc/, making changes as needed. In particular, you’ll need to set passwords for the various users used to authenticate between instances in a Murder or Replication environment.

For example:

install -m 600 doc/examples/cyrus_conf/normal.conf /etc/cyrus.conf
install -m 600 doc/examples/imapd_conf/normal.conf /etc/imapd.conf
vi /etc/imapd.conf
...
vi /etc/cyrus.conf
...

7. Launch Cyrus

If using a distribution package, you probably now have an init script installed, that you can invoke with your system’s usual service control mechanism.

If you built from source, you will need to write your own init script. The simplest one will simply start/stop the master(8) binary, with suitable options, as root (master will drop root privileges itself as soon as it possibly can).